Introduction

Elevator systems are an integral part of modern buildings, enabling efficient vertical transportation and contributing to the overall functionality and convenience of the structure. While the elevator car and its mechanical components are vital, the guide rails play a crucial role in ensuring safe and smooth operation. In this article, we will delve into the significance of elevator guide rails, discuss the proper installation process, and provide insights into their maintenance to ensure optimal performance and safety.

**Importance of Elevator Guide Rails**

Elevator guide rails are track-like structures that guide the elevator car and its associated components, such as the counterweight, along a specified path within the elevator shaft. Their primary function is to ensure the precise alignment of the elevator car, preventing any lateral movement and ensuring smooth vertical travel. The guide rails also absorb lateral forces and vibrations generated during operation, contributing to passenger comfort and elevator system longevity.

**Installation Process**

Proper installation of elevator guide rails is essential to ensure the system's safe and efficient operation. Here are the key steps involved:

1. Design and Planning: Before installation begins, thorough planning is crucial. This involves detailed calculations to determine the appropriate guide rail size, type, and placement based on factors such as elevator load, speed, and building structure.

2. Preparing the Shaft: The elevator shaft must be prepared according to the design specifications. This involves ensuring the shaft walls are properly aligned and reinforced to support the guide rail brackets.

3. Installing Brackets: Guide rail brackets are affixed to the shaft walls using strong anchors. These brackets hold the guide rails securely in place. Precision is essential during this step to ensure accurate alignment.

4. Attaching Guide Rails: The guide rails, which are typically made of steel, are then attached to the brackets. Careful alignment is critical to prevent any uneven movement of the elevator car.

5. Testing and Adjustments: After the guide rails are installed, thorough testing is performed to verify their alignment and functionality. Any adjustments needed for smooth movement and alignment are made at this stage.

**Maintenance Guidelines**

Regular maintenance of elevator guide rails is essential to ensure safe and reliable operation. Here are some maintenance guidelines to follow:

1. Inspections: Regularly inspect the guide rails for signs of wear, corrosion, or damage. Look for any irregularities that could affect the elevator's performance.

2. Lubrication: Proper lubrication of guide rails is crucial to reduce friction and wear. Use the recommended lubricants and follow the manufacturer's guidelines for lubrication intervals.

3. Cleaning: Keep the guide rails clean from debris and dust that could hinder smooth movement. Regular cleaning can prevent unnecessary wear and tear.

4. Alignment Checks: Periodically check the alignment of the guide rails. Misaligned guide rails can lead to uneven wear on the elevator components and compromised performance.

5. Professional Maintenance: Schedule routine maintenance performed by trained technicians. They can identify issues early and take corrective measures before they escalate.

**Conclusion**

Elevator guide rails are an essential component of elevator systems, providing the necessary stability and alignment for safe and efficient vertical transportation. Proper installation and regular maintenance are crucial to ensure the longevity, performance, and safety of these systems. By following the installation process and maintenance guidelines outlined in this article, building owners and maintenance personnel can contribute to the smooth operation of elevators and enhance the overall experience for users.

Why Breaking Resistor use in elevator control system

 We all are seen that in elevator control panel there is a rheostats stand are mounted. Sometimes we have questions in our mind what is this & why it is use for.

Now this article are clear your doubts with just read . 

So , elevator is a vertical transportation car to run this car we need traction motor and rope .

In this rope have two end , one end connected to the cabin and other end connected to counter weight.

According to the design counter weight are more heavy then car load. 

As per this arrangement during elevator are moving up direction in that case traction motor are act as a generator.

So naturally this time generator produce more power which are not required on that time when this unwanted power is back to circuit it produced heat and this heat may damage the whole circuits . To protect this circuit breaking resistance are installed. Basically it is using in VF drive elevator system.

If more knowledge or questions required in this topic please comment us we will try to resolve your quarry.

Vibration measurement and analysis in Elevator traction machine

Vibration measurement and analysis in Elevator traction machine.

A constant velocity drive at the no-load condition with the elevator car speed at 1.00 m/sec and an acceleration driving test at the no-load condition with the elevator car speed changing from 0 to 2.00 m/sec are carried out. The acceleration of the housing and the noise level in the front 1 m position of the elevator traction machine are measured. Figure shows the experimental setup.

The test is carried out with the upper part of the elevator traction machine supported from two points by a chain block and the lower part elastically supported with isobutylene-isoprene rubber. The noise is measured by a 1/2-inch microphone (B&K and used 4190-C). In the driving acceleration test, the elevator car accelerated from 0 to 2.00 m/sec, and the maximum pressure level is measured by peak hold. The other measurement devices are the same as those used in the excitation test.

5.2 Constant Speed

Figure shows the axial vibration of the results of the test and calculation at constant speed in the center of the housing sidepiece. Figure shows the pressure level of the test and calculated pressure level at constant speed in the front 1 m position of the elevator traction machine. Each calculation result is a response analyzed with the time order ingredient of the electromagnetic force for the frequency of the driving current. Several similar tendencies such as the acceleration level of time order 2 maximum and pressure levels of time order 6 and 12 dominant are shown in Figures 2 and 3. This shows that this analysis technique is appropriate. It is thought that the natural frequency error of the analysis and measurement influence the error in the analysis and measurement.

5.3 Acceleration Drive

For elevator car speed acceleration from 0 to 2.00 m/sec, for example, the frequency of time order 6 of the electromagnetic force changed from 0 to 880 Hz, and eigenmodes (An eigenmode is a natural vibration of a system such that various parts all move together at the same frequency. The different parts all move sinusoidally at the same frequency and their amplitudes all increase or decrease in proportion to one another.) in the frequency band are excited.

                                        

Fig-2                             

                                            Fig-3(sound and pressure level at constatnt speed)





Therefore it is thought that the eigenmodes influence the vibration and noise at the time of the acceleration. This is evaluated by the noise, because it is difficult to measure acceleration of moving rotor and sheave. Figure -4 shows the sound pressure level of the test and calculation results at constant speed in the front 1 m position of the elevator traction machine. Figure-4 shows that the analysis is sufficient to simulate the test. The eigenmode at which the noise level radiated from the elevator traction machine maximum in the frequency band of 1000 Hz or less is the housing mode of 791 Hz. In addition, the eigenmode of the rotor, which has a damping ratio at 536 Hz of 0.1%, had a large contribution to the radiated noise.

                                            Fig-4(sound and pressure level at Acceleration)




Reducing radiated noise by these eigenmodes makes it possible to build a low-noise elevator traction machine. Therefore, calculations are carried out to study the correlation between these eigenmodes and space order s of excitation force by using the force of a single space order as the excitation force. Figure-4 shows the relation between the axial acceleration level of the housing sidepiece at a housing mode of 791 Hz and a space order of excitation force s, and Figure-5 shows the relation between the axial acceleration level of the rotor sidepiece at the rotor and sheave mode of 536 Hz.

Figures -5 show that the acceleration level of each eigenmode changed in every space order of excitation force. In particular, the excitation force of space order 2 had a large contribution to the acceleration level, so considering the relation between eigenmodes and space order s of the excitation force makes it possible to grasp the change of noise level of 1000 Hz or less when the structure of the elevator traction machine changes.

                                                                         Fig-5

Elevator Over speed Governor

Elevator Over speed Governor

Over speed Governor is most important in passenger elevator system, its main function is governing the speed of Elevator & it is required to maintain time to time.

It is basically located at Lift machine room, it have a rope witch are connected to the cabin of elevator & at pit it have a tension device to maintain proper tension to the governor rope.OSG have an electrical contact which is activated before mechanical tripping of governor it connected to elevator safety circuit. when elevator cross rated speed of 20% on that case electrical contact will tripped but when it is cross 30% on that time mechanical are tripped.

Basic Diagram of Overspeed Governor system.

When lift is free fall (to the down direction due to gravity) on that case governor will activated & its is tripped to mechanical gripping the governor rope & pull the rope on that case safety gear  are actuated (which mounted in the elevator cabin frame) then stopped to elevator & prevent free fall.

Working principle:- in Modern industry many company are using different types of governor but basic principle is same. it is working on centrifugal force. when governor wheel are rotating above the rated speed on that case synchronisation plate or attached  pendulum are take moment ,on that time the synchronisation plate or pendulum are hit the mechanical cam then cam are hit the attach electrical contact(which may limit switch it not must be auto reset) to disconnect the safety circuit.if speed more then 20% it means then no electrical contact need to that time it is assumes that lift is an safety action.

elevator safety gear

Elevator safety gear

safety gear of elevator is very importent for passenger elevator.basically it is a mechanism which are install or mounted at bottom of elevator cabin(some time it is install on counter weight side also whare floting pit).

some times its called emergency break.

this safety device invented by Elisha Otis how is the founder of Otis Elevator company.

basically safety gear two types of used.
1)progressive type safety gear.
2)Instantaneous type safety gear.

Structure of safety gear:

it is combination of two part.
1.Fixed part
2.Movable part or Braking part.


The safety gear sets are fixed by a connecting rod with elevator cabin, in general 02 nos safety block are placed,
movable part of safety gear are connected to governor rope,
when lift moving higher then rated speed on that time governor rope are pulled the pivot (which are connected to movable part of safety gear)
then pivot pull the movable jaw ,then safety gear are mechanically actuated.

when safety gear are inspect on that time elevator cabin are fully loaded with rated load by test weight.in general 120% of rated load.

Testing :  in this  program lift are loaded with 120% rated load then manually actuated overspeed governor. when safety gear are actuated then inspection personal are checked the marking at elevator guide rail.if it is Instantaneous type safety gear there are no option to mark sliding mark.

if safety gear are progressive then sliding mark are calculated as per manual by OEM.

Elevator guide rail

Elevator guide rail

guide rail of elevator is very important segment of elevator installation.it is guide the cabin to provide sliding vertical movement.just like rail track.

a guide rail is a continuous beam which are mounted in hoist way by the fastener & bracket .

it is fitted with nut & bolt and specific distance for guide the movement cabin & counter weight.

it need to lubricate regularly or its required proper maintenance to reduce friction ,while travelling lift cabin & counter weight.

a guide rail is metal beam which generally 5 mtr long it is joint by fishplte with nut & bolt.

basically its manufacture by cold drawn process  basically it have to 1.6 m/s .

guide rail side view

Guide rail bracket and clip design is important as these items provide the means of holding the rails in alignment. For low rise installations, forged steel clips may be used to hold the rails rigid. For installation higher than 20 m, spring clips are preferable  because they allow for building compression. All building expand, contract and move to some degree and rail alignment obtained during initial installation should be maintained while this occurs

Safety Tips for Elevator user

                         Safety Tips for Elevator user

hare some importent  factor are share regarding safety tips for elevator or lift user.

Always  remember that elevator or lift is machine there no any  eye & ear so this device have no intelligence

(Expect some morden elevator have sensor and embedded technology , although  it is suggested always maintain personal safety while using elevator or lift as safety tips.)

Suggesting some safety tips and manner to better access of use elevator or lift.

Safety tips for elevator or lift user.

1) Do not not exceed the number of passengers or the load capacity specified for the elevator or lift

2)     Press your floor button once and move back of the lift or elevator cabin to make space for others passenger.

3) If the door begin to close, as you about to enter ,step back.Do not use your hand or foot to stop the door from closing.

4)   Do not keep the door open for longer then necessary .it delays the elevator from servicing other passenger.

5) If the elevator stop between floors,stay clam & push the alarm button.

6)    Do not try to open doors & come out,this should be done only with the assistant of the train crew.

7)   Children bellow 12 years should not use the elevator unless accompanied  by an adult.

8)    Do not try to open the door while car is moving.

9) Never use the elevator or lift is case of fire in the building